Broiler Chiken Dengrous.

The chicken meat that people of the United States and the other countries do not use, it has special vomors, which causes men's kidneys to grow and get rid of all these things.

Broiler chickens, broiler chicken meat, pigs and pork as sources of ExPEC related virulence genes and resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from community-dwelling humans and UTI patients

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections. UTI is primarily caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) from the patients' own fecal flora. The ExPEC often belong to phylogroups B2 and D, the groups which include potent human ExPEC isolates causing UTI, bacteremia, and meningitis. The external sources of these ExPEC in the human intestine are unknown. The food supply may transmit ExPEC to humans. However, evidence of this hypothesis is limited. To assess this hypothesis, the objective of our study was to investigate the presence of ExPEC related virulence genes in E. coli isolates from UTI patients, community-dwelling humans, meat, and production animals. Accordingly, we included 964 geographically and temporally matched E. coli isolates from UTI patients (n=102), community-dwelling humans (n=109), fresh Danish (n=197) and imported broiler chicken meat (n=86), broiler chickens (n=138), fresh Danish (n=177) and imported pork (n=10), and pigs (n=145) in the study. All isolates were investigated for the presence of eight ExPEC related genes (kpsM II, papA, papC, iutA, sfaS, focG, afa, hlyD) using PCR. To investigate any similarities between isolates from the different origins, we performed a cluster analysis including antimicrobial resistance data previously published. We detected seven of the eight ExPEC related genes in isolates from broiler chicken meat, broiler chickens, pork and pigs. Our findings suggest that broiler chicken meat, broiler chickens, pork and pigs could be the source of strains with these ExPEC related virulence genes in community-dwelling humans and UTI patients. Especially detection of ExPEC related virulence genes in isolates belonging to phylogroups B2 and D is very concerning and may have a significant medical impact. The cluster analysis of virulence gene and antimicrobial resistance profiles showed strong similarities between UTI patient, community-dwelling human isolates, meat, and production animal isolates. Thus, these strains from meat and production animals may pose a zoonotic risk.

Tinomuda Chakanyuka  Sunday News Reporter

VILLAGERS in Silobela and parts of Zhombe in the Midlands province have resorted to administering antibiotic drugs meant for human beings to their chickens in desperate attempts to contain a flu-like bug that has ravaged their areas, threatening to wipe out their stock, it can be revealed.Some villagers in Silobela’s Chiguhune area, who spoke to Sunday News last week said many villagers have been left counting their losses after losing entire broods to the bug which they said started wreaking havoc around November last year.

Officials from the Department of Veterinary Services in the province suspect an outbreak of the Newcastle disease in the area and have since taken samples for tests with results expected sometime next week.

The villagers said some of their counterparts who still have chickens had since turned to endocet and co-trimoxazole to salvage the situation as they allege that conventional remedies seemed not to be working.

Some of the symptoms the chickens are said to be showing once infected by the bug include coughing, diarrhoea, lack of appetite and tiredness shown by general inactivity.

“We have tried to use the usual remedies but the birds are not responding. Once the chickens start showing those symptoms, it will be a matter of two or so days before they die.

“Some here have lost all their chickens to the infection which up to now we are struggling to know what it is. I have lost eight birds so far before I started using a mixture of co-trimoxazole and endocet. I can say that has been working, because ever since I started using it I have not lost a single bird.

“We crush the tablets into powder then mix it with water which we then give the sick bird. If you give the tablets to the birds for two days, you will start noticing improvements. It works, it has been working for me,” said Mr Moses Manyeruke of Silobela.

Co-trimoxazole is used to treat certain bacterial infections in human beings, such as pneumonia, bronchitis and infections of the urinary tract, ears, and intestines. The drug is a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole and it works by stopping the growth of bacteria.

Endocet (oxycodone and acetaminophen) is used to relieve moderately severe pain. Oxycodone is a narcotic pain reliever while acetaminophen is a non-narcotic pain reliever.

Co-trimoxazole is a prescription drug which can only be given to one upon producing a doctor’s prescription, but the villagers say they get the drug from local clinics under false pretence that they would be sick.

Another villager from Silobela, Mrs Janet Musakwa said she lost all her chickens to the bug and only learnt of the co-trimoxazole remedy a little too late.

“I had about 15 chickens, one cock, eight hens and the rest were chicks. I lost all those inside a space of two months. I tried everything from ESB3 to traditional remedies but they didn’t work. I only learnt that other villagers were using co-trimoxazole a little too late when I had lost all my chickens.

“A lot of them who are using it (co-trimoxazole) say it is working and we believe them because they still have chickens and some of us no longer have,” she said.

It is a similar situation in Zhombe, which shares borders with Silobela, where villagers have also reported losing their chickens to the flu like disease and have also turned to antibiotics as remedy.